lymfedému

Lymfedému, or lyfmedému (lymfedému), is a chronic swelling that results from impaired lymphatic drainage. It causes the accumulation of protein-rich lymph fluid in the interstitial tissue, most commonly in one or both arms or legs, but it can involve the trunk, genitals, or face. The swelling may be persistent and progressive if not treated.

There are two main types: primary lymphedema, caused by congenital abnormalities in the lymphatic vessels or nodes; and secondary lymphedema, caused by damage or obstruction of the lymphatic system. Secondary lymphedema is more common and can follow cancer treatment with lymph node dissection or radiation, infections such as filariasis, trauma, obesity, deep vein problems, or inflammatory conditions.

Symptoms include persistent swelling, a feeling of fullness or heaviness, restricted joint motion, and changes in skin such as thickening or hardness in later stages. Infections of the affected limb, like cellulitis, are more frequent due to impaired local immunity and tissue changes.

Diagnosis is based on clinical history and examination, often supported by imaging studies such as lymphoscintigraphy or MRI to assess lymphatic pathways. The differential diagnosis includes other forms of edema related to venous or kidney disease, or inflammatory conditions.

Treatment focuses on reducing swelling, preventing complications, and improving function. The main approach is complete decongestive therapy, which combines manual lymph drainage, compression therapy (bandaging or garments), meticulous skin care, and specific exercises. Weight management and treatment of infections are important. In some cases, surgical options to restore lymphatic flow or reduce tissue volume may be considered, particularly in refractory or severe cases. Lymphedém studies emphasize that early and consistent management improves symptoms and quality of life.