lubban

Lubban is a term with multiple meanings across different linguistic and cultural contexts, primarily associated with Arabic and Islamic traditions. In classical Arabic poetry, *lubban* (لُبَّان) refers to the resinous sap of certain trees, particularly the frankincense tree (*Boswellia sacra*), which is native to the Arabian Peninsula and the Horn of Africa. This resin has been historically valued for its aromatic properties and has been used in incense, perfumes, and religious rituals. Frankincense was also one of the gifts presented to the infant Jesus by the Magi, as described in the Gospel of Matthew.

In Islamic tradition, *lubban* is sometimes linked to the concept of divine light or purity, often symbolizing spiritual elevation. Some scholars associate it with the "light of the Prophet Muhammad" or other luminous descriptions found in Quranic verses, though this interpretation is not universally accepted. The term may also appear in poetic metaphors to convey beauty, fragrance, or the essence of something precious.

In modern usage, *lubban* can refer to the commercial product frankincense itself, particularly when exported from regions like Oman, Yemen, or Somalia. The resin is harvested by making incisions in the bark of the tree, allowing the sap to ooze out and harden into tears. It is widely used in traditional medicine, aromatherapy, and religious ceremonies, including Christian and Islamic practices.

The cultivation and trade of frankincense have played a significant role in the economic and cultural history of the Arabian Peninsula, dating back thousands of years. Its significance extends beyond its material value, often representing themes of devotion, sacrifice, and spiritual connection in various traditions.