lithops

Lithops are a genus of succulent plants in the family Aizoaceae, native to southern Africa. They are commonly known as living stones or pebble plants because their two opposite leaves resemble small stones resting in the soil.

Each plant consists of a pair of thick, fused leaves with a narrow fissure between them. The leaf surfaces are often patterned and camouflaged to resemble pebbles, and many species have a translucent window on the upper surface that lets light reach photosynthetic tissue inside. Growth is slow, and mature plants frequently form clumps as old leaf pairs are replaced by new ones.

Lithops inhabit arid, rocky savannas and deserts of Namibia and South Africa. They endure extreme sun and long dry spells, relying on a short growing season and stored water.

Flowering typically occurs in autumn after rainfall; flowers emerge from the fissure and are usually solitary, daisy-like, and yellow or white. Seeds are small and numerous, germinating in warm, bright, well-draining soil.

Lithops are popular as houseplants and in succulent collections. They require bright light and minimal watering; use a gritty, well-draining soil and a pot with drainage. Water only after the soil has completely dried, and reduce watering during cooler winter months. They are sensitive to overwatering and frost.

The genus includes many species and cultivars, with Lithops particularly diverse in Africa. Common species encountered in cultivation include Lithops ervoides, Lithops aucampiae, Lithops fulviceps, and Lithops salicina.