limakalvan

Limakalva, in English known as the mucous membrane, is the moist lining that covers many cavities and passages connecting to the outside world. It lines the oral and nasal cavities, the respiratory tract, much of the digestive tract from the esophagus to the rectum, and parts of the urinary and reproductive systems. The mucous membrane consists of an epithelium sitting on a connective tissue layer called the lamina propria, and in some regions a submucosa. The epithelium varies by location and can be stratified squamous, simple or pseudostratified columnar, or other specialized forms, reflecting its specific functions.

A key feature of limakalvat is the presence of mucus-producing cells, such as goblet cells, and often glands within the lamina propria or submucosa that secrete mucus. This mucus provides lubrication and acts as a first line of defense against mechanical and chemical irritation and microbial invasion. Cilia are common in many respiratory mucosae, helping to move mucus and trapped particles out of the airways.

Functionally, limakalvat serve as a protective barrier, participate in absorption where appropriate (for example in parts of the digestive tract), and contribute to immune defense through contained immune tissues and peptides. They also play a crucial role in moisture regulation and sensation.

Clinically, the health of the mucous membranes is important for overall well-being. Inflammation, infection, dryness, or injury to limakalvat can lead to symptoms such as irritation, discharge, pain, or impaired protection and lubrication. Diseases may affect individual mucosal sites or multiple mucosal surfaces.