ligustrum

Ligustrum, commonly known as privet, is a genus of flowering plants in the olive family Oleaceae. It comprises about 50 species of evergreen and deciduous shrubs and small trees native to Europe, North Africa, and Asia, widely cultivated elsewhere for ornamental and practical purposes.

Most species have opposite, simple leaves with smooth margins. In late spring, small clusters of white flowers appear in panicles, often fragrant. After flowering, dense clusters of bluish-black to purple drupes develop and persist into winter. Plants range from compact hedging shrubs to tall trees up to 8–15 meters depending on species and cultivation.

Important cultivated species include Ligustrum vulgare (common privet), Ligustrum lucidum (glossy privet), Ligustrum japonicum (Japanese privet), and Ligustrum sinense (Chinese privet). Hybrids and cultivars are common in ornamentals.

Privets are widely used as hedges, screens, and architectural specimens due to rapid growth, tolerance of pruning, and adaptability to soils and urban environments.

Several species have become invasive outside their native ranges, notably Ligustrum sinense and Ligustrum vulgare in parts of North America and Australia. They can form dense stands that displace native vegetation and alter habitats. Birds disperse the fruits, aiding spread.

Privet berries are mildly poisonous to humans if ingested; poisoning can cause stomach upset. Management of invasions includes mechanical removal, pruning, and, in some cases, herbicides.