lemys

Lemys is a genus of freshwater turtles belonging to the family Emydidae, commonly known as pond turtles. The name "Lemys" is derived from the Greek word *lemys*, meaning "turtle" or "tortoise." This genus is primarily found in Europe and parts of Asia, with species adapted to a variety of aquatic and semi-aquatic environments.

The most well-known species within this genus is *Lemna minor*, though this is often confused with the pond skater insect. The correct and widely recognized species in this genus include *Lemmys cataphractus*, commonly referred to as the European pond turtle, which is the only extant species in the genus. This turtle is characterized by its smooth, domed shell, which can reach up to 20 centimeters in length. Its carapace is typically olive-green to brown, while the plastron (underside of the shell) is yellowish with dark markings.

European pond turtles inhabit freshwater bodies such as ponds, lakes, and slow-moving rivers. They are omnivorous, feeding on a diet that includes aquatic plants, insects, fish, and small amphibians. These turtles are known for their semi-aquatic lifestyle, often spending significant time both in and out of the water. They are also capable of hibernating underwater during the colder months, remaining submerged for extended periods.

Unfortunately, the European pond turtle is classified as vulnerable due to habitat loss, pollution, and the introduction of invasive species. Conservation efforts focus on protecting their natural habitats, controlling invasive predators, and raising awareness about their declining populations. Captive breeding programs have also been implemented to help bolster wild populations.

Lemmys cataphractus plays an ecological role in its environment by controlling insect populations and serving as prey for larger predators. Its presence in aquatic ecosystems contributes to the balance of local biodiversity.