lasercutter

A lasercutter is a computer-controlled device that uses a focused laser beam to cut, engrave, or etch materials with high precision. The machine guides a laser path across a workbed or within a gantry so that the laser can produce clean edges and a narrow kerf at programmable speeds.

Most laser cutters use CO2, fiber, or UV lasers. Core components include the laser source, a beam-delivery system with mirrors or fiber, a focusing lens, a motion system (gantry or bed), a work surface, and an exhaust or fume-hood. Computer numerical control (CNC) or CAM software translates vector designs into cutting paths and feed rates, controlling power, speed, and to-and-fro movements.

Common materials and capabilities vary by laser type. CO2 cutters excel with wood, plywood, acrylic, fabric, leather, paper, and similar organics, while fiber laser cutters are better suited for metals such as steel and aluminum. UV lasers are used for certain plastics and electronics. In addition to cutting, most machines can engrave or etch surfaces, and some can score materials to create lines or weak points. Kerf width depends on material, laser power, and focusing optics.

Safety and operation considerations include fumes and particulates produced during cutting, the need for adequate ventilation or enclosure with interlocks, and protective eyewear. Desktop hobby models are common for education and small studios, while larger industrial systems offer higher power, automation, and integration with production workflows.

History and usage: CO2 lasers were developed in the 1960s, with laser cutting becoming widespread in the 1980s and 1990s. Today, lasercutters are widely used in manufacturing, signage, jewelry, electronics prototyping, education, and maker spaces for rapid fabrication and design iteration.