lapsikuolleisuutta

Lapsikuolleisuus, or child mortality, refers to the number of deaths of children under the age of five per 1,000 live births. It is a critical indicator of the health and well-being of a population, as well as the effectiveness of healthcare systems. High child mortality rates are often associated with factors such as poverty, inadequate healthcare, malnutrition, and poor sanitation.

The global trend in child mortality has shown significant improvement over the past few decades. According to the World Health Organization, the global under-five mortality rate decreased from 90 deaths per 1,000 live births in 1990 to 43 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2019. This decline is largely attributed to advancements in healthcare, increased access to clean water and sanitation, and improved nutrition.

However, disparities in child mortality rates persist across different regions and countries. In 2019, the highest rates were found in sub-Saharan Africa, where the under-five mortality rate was 62 deaths per 1,000 live births. In contrast, the lowest rates were observed in developed countries, such as Japan and Singapore, where the rates were below 3 deaths per 1,000 live births.

Factors influencing child mortality include maternal health, access to healthcare services, vaccination coverage, and environmental conditions. Addressing these factors requires comprehensive strategies that encompass healthcare reforms, education, and socio-economic development. International organizations and governments play a crucial role in supporting these efforts through funding, policy advocacy, and technical assistance.