laparoskopiska

Laparoskopiska, or laparoscopic, describes a set of minimally invasive surgical techniques that use a laparoscope—an illuminated, slender telescope—to visualize the interior of the abdomen or pelvis. The instrument is inserted through small incisions, and a video monitor guides the surgeon. Procedures are performed with specialized surgical tools passed through additional small ports, while the abdomen is usually inflated with carbon dioxide to create working space.

In a typical laparoscopy, general anesthesia is used. The surgeon makes several small incisions, inserts the laparoscope and instruments, and performs the operation with the aid of a magnified view on a monitor. When necessary, surgeons may convert to an open procedure if visualization or safety becomes an issue. Laparoscopic techniques have evolved with advances in camera technology, ergonomics, and energy devices that help cut and seal tissue.

Common indications for laparoscopy include gallbladder removal (cholecystectomy), appendectomy, repair of hernias, and various gynecologic operations such as tubal procedures or hysterectomy. It is also applied in colorectal, urological, and bariatric surgery, among others. Benefits commonly cited for laparoscopy compared with open surgery include smaller scars, reduced postoperative pain, shorter hospital stays, quicker return to normal activities, and fewer wound complications. Risks are similar to other surgical procedures and include bleeding, infection, injury to surrounding organs, anesthesia risks, and, less commonly, hernias at incision sites or a need to convert to an open approach.

Laparoskopiska techniques became widely adopted from the late 20th century onward and remain a core part of many surgical specialties, with ongoing refinements in instruments, imaging, and robotic assistance.