kýstr

kýstr is the Icelandic term for a cyst, a closed sac or cavity that contains fluid, air, or a semi-solid material and is commonly lined by an epithelium or another membrane. Cysts can develop in virtually any tissue or organ and vary in size from microscopic to several centimeters. Most cysts are benign and slow-growing, but they can cause symptoms by pressing on surrounding structures, rupturing, or becoming infected.

Common examples encountered in medical practice include ovarian cysts, renal cysts, hepatic cysts, and pancreatic cysts. Cysts may be congenital, develop after inflammation, or arise from obstruction of ducts or glands. Some cysts are simple, with thin walls and clear fluid, while others are complex, containing septations, calcifications, or solid components that may require further evaluation for neoplasia.

Diagnosis relies primarily on imaging. Ultrasound is usually the first-line tool to detect and characterize a cyst; computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provide additional detail about size, location, and internal features. Laboratory tests may be used in specific contexts, such as evaluation for infection, inflammation, or tumor markers.

Treatment depends on the cyst type, size, symptoms, and potential for complications. Asymptomatic simple cysts are often observed. Symptomatic or enlarging cysts may be drained or aspirated, with sclerotherapy or surgical removal as needed. Prognosis is generally favorable for uncomplicated cysts, though recurrence and specific risks vary by organ and underlying cause.