kõhrekoele

Kõhrekoele, commonly known as cartilage tissue in English, is a flexible yet strong connective tissue found in various parts of the body. It plays a crucial role in providing support, cushioning joints, and allowing for smooth movement. Unlike bone, cartilage is avascular, meaning it lacks blood vessels, and relies on diffusion from surrounding tissues for nutrients. This characteristic contributes to its slow healing capabilities.

There are three main types of cartilage: hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, and fibrocartilage. Hyaline cartilage is the most common type, found in the rib cage, nose, ears, and on the articular surfaces of bones within joints. It provides smooth, low-friction surfaces for articulation and reduces shock. Elastic cartilage, characterized by its flexibility, is found in the external ear and epiglottis. Fibrocartilage, the strongest type, is located in areas requiring significant shock absorption, such as the intervertebral discs, menisci of the knee, and the pubic symphysis.

The cells responsible for producing and maintaining cartilage are called chondrocytes, which reside within small cavities called lacunae. These cells secrete an extracellular matrix composed of collagen fibers, elastic fibers (in elastic cartilage), and proteoglycans. The composition of this matrix determines the specific properties and functions of each cartilage type. Damage to cartilage can lead to conditions like osteoarthritis, where the protective cartilage in joints wears down over time, causing pain and stiffness. Due to its limited regenerative capacity, cartilage injuries often require medical intervention for management and treatment.