kényszerrezgést

Kényszerrezgés, also known as forced vibration, is a phenomenon that occurs when an external periodic force is applied to a system that has a natural tendency to oscillate. This external force causes the system to vibrate at the frequency of the applied force, rather than at its own natural frequency. Imagine pushing a swing; if you push it at regular intervals, the swing will move at the frequency of your pushes, even if it has its own natural back-and-forth rhythm.

The amplitude of the forced vibration depends on the driving frequency, the natural frequency of the system, and the damping present in the system. When the driving frequency is close to the natural frequency of the system, resonance occurs, leading to a significant increase in the amplitude of vibration. This can be desirable in some applications, such as tuning a musical instrument, but it can also be destructive, causing structural damage in bridges or buildings subjected to strong winds or earthquakes.

Damping plays a crucial role in limiting the amplitude of forced vibrations. Without damping, resonance would theoretically lead to infinitely large amplitudes. In real-world systems, damping mechanisms like friction or air resistance dissipate energy, preventing such extreme responses. Understanding kényszerrezgést is essential in many fields of engineering and physics, from designing earthquake-resistant structures to analyzing the behavior of musical instruments and mechanical systems.