kärlterritorier
The term “kärlterritorier” refers to the distinct functional and structural domains of the vessel elements that compose the xylem system in vascular plants. In Swedish, “kärl” means vessel and “territorier” denotes territories or domains, so the phrase literally translates to “vessel territories.” This concept describes how individual vessels are organized into networks that segment the water‑transport system into specialized zones based on hydraulic demand, developmental timing, and mechanical reinforcement.
In most dicotyledonous and gymnospermous species, xylem is partitioned into protoxylem and metaxylem. Protoxylem forms early
The organization of kärlterritorier has major implications for plant physiology, especially in drought tolerance, embolism repair,
Because the pattern of vessel territories is closely tied to evolutionary adaptations, comparative studies across angiosperms