kundërshtua

kundërshtua

The Albanian verb “kundërshtua” means to oppose, resist, or confront. It is used in both literal and figurative contexts, from physically resisting a force to emotionally or ideologically contesting a viewpoint. In contemporary Albanian, the verb can describe physical activities such as blocking an opponent in sports or resisting a geological threat, as well as less tangible actions such as opposing a policy or resisting a persuasive argument.

Originating from the Albanian root “kundër” which means “against”, “kundërshtua” is derived by adding the infinitive marker “-tua” to form the verb. Its past tense is typically “kundërshtuam” for first person singular, and the present participle is “kundërshtuar”. The verb is transitive and requires a direct object for many uses, for example “Ai kundërshton projekteve” (He opposes the projects).

This verb is commonly found in news media, literature, and everyday speech. In democratic discourse, “kundërshtuar” often designates a political actor’s refusal to support legislation, whereas in social contexts it can describe a child resisting an imposed rule. Related nouns include “kundërshti” (opponent) and “kundërshtim” (opposition). The verb can also appear in idiomatic expressions, such as “përsi kundërshtuar” meaning “to fight against”. In compound constructions, “kundërshtuar” can form adjectives like “kundërshtues” (opposing).

The term is integral to Albanian political and social vocabulary, reflecting the language’s emphasis on agency and adversity in conflict situations.