kullanilan

Kullanılan is a Turkish participle that functions as an adjective. It is derived from the verb kullanmak, meaning to use, and it carries the sense of "that is used" or simply "used." The form is common in technical and formal language to describe nouns in terms of their use or the context in which they are employed.

Morphology and formation: Kullanılan is formed with the passive participle suffix -ılan (or -ilen, depending on vowel harmony), attached to the verb stem kullan-. In Turkish, this participle is used attributively, typically preceding the noun it modifies. For example, kullanilan araçlar means "the tools that are used" or "the used tools," depending on context. Other typical phrases include kullanilan malzemeler (materials that are used) and kullanilan yöntemler (methods that were used).

Usage notes: The form is distinct from kullanılmış, which is the past participle meaning "already used" or "has been used." Kullanılan emphasizes the current or general property of being used, often in reference to a process, method, or object in a given context. It is widely found in academic, technical, and procedural Turkish.

Examples:

- Bu proje için kullanılan ekipmanlar listede vardır. (The equipment used for this project is on the list.)

- Kullanılan yöntemler arasındaki farklar inceleniyor. (Differences among the used methods are being examined.)

Turkish handling: In Turkish orthography, kullanilan would be an ASCII rendering without the dotless i; the standard spelling is kullanılan. The form exemplifies how participles modify nouns to convey modality and context without explicit agency.