koronarartären

The coronary arteries are blood vessels that supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. There are two main coronary arteries: the left main coronary artery and the right coronary artery. The left main coronary artery branches into the left anterior descending artery and the left circumflex artery. These arteries form a network that delivers blood to all parts of the heart.

The heart muscle, like any other muscle in the body, requires a constant supply of oxygen to function. This oxygen is delivered by the blood circulating through the coronary arteries. If these arteries become narrowed or blocked, the heart muscle may not receive enough oxygen, leading to a condition called ischemia. Severe ischemia can cause chest pain, known as angina, or a heart attack, also called myocardial infarction.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common type of heart disease. It occurs when plaque, a buildup of cholesterol, fat, and other substances, accumulates inside the coronary arteries. This buildup narrows the arteries, restricting blood flow. Risk factors for CAD include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, smoking, obesity, and a family history of heart disease.

Diagnosis of coronary artery disease often involves medical history, physical examination, electrocardiogram (ECG), stress tests, and imaging studies such as coronary angiography. Treatment options depend on the severity of the blockage and may include lifestyle changes, medications, angioplasty with stenting, or coronary artery bypass surgery. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet, regular exercise, and not smoking, is crucial for preventing and managing coronary artery disease.