kolmonoxíð

Kolmonoksidi, also known as carbon monoxide (CO), is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas produced by incomplete combustion of carbon-containing fuels. It is a diatomic molecule consisting of one carbon atom bonded to one oxygen atom. In the air, CO is not reactive and can accumulate indoors or in enclosed spaces where combustion occurs.

The main health hazard of kolmonoksidi arises from its high affinity for hemoglobin, forming carboxyhemoglobin and reducing the blood’s capacity to carry oxygen. This impairs oxygen delivery to tissues and can cause headaches, dizziness, weakness, nausea, confusion, and, at higher concentrations, loss of consciousness or death. Effects depend on concentration and duration of exposure; vulnerable groups such as children, the elderly, and people with cardiovascular or respiratory conditions are at greater risk. Chronic exposure to low levels may contribute to cardiovascular problems.

Common sources include motor vehicle exhaust, gas furnaces and boilers, space heaters, wood stoves, gas stoves, charcoal briquettes, and wildfires. Kolmonoksidi is also produced in certain industrial processes and during improper ventilation of combustion equipment. Because it is colorless and odorless, detectors are essential for safety in homes and workplaces.

Prevention focuses on proper ventilation, regular inspection and maintenance of fuel-burning appliances, and adherence to manufacturer guidelines. The use of CO detectors and adherence to occupational exposure limits help reduce risk. Treatment for poisoning consists of administering 100% oxygen, with hyperbaric oxygen therapy considered for severe cases.

In industry, kolmonoksidi serves as a reagent in certain chemical processes, and emissions are regulated to minimize environmental and health impacts.