kolams

Kolams are a traditional form of floor art in the Indian subcontinent, especially in Tamil Nadu, created by drawing decorative patterns at the entrances of homes. They are usually made daily and range from simple to elaborate designs. The drawing medium is typically rice flour, white chalk powder, or colored powders, with rice flour sometimes used to feed small creatures such as ants.

Most kolams use a dot grid (pulli kolam): a set of evenly spaced points is laid out, and lines are drawn to connect them, forming geometric or floral motifs. Freehand kolams without a dot template also exist, drawn directly on the floor.

Cultural significance: Kolams are traditionally associated with auspiciousness and hospitality. They are believed to invite prosperity and ward off negative influences, and are commonly made in the morning before households begin daily activities. They feature prominently during festivals such as Pongal and Diwali, and are part of family heritage in many communities.

Regional and modern context: While kolam originated in Tamil Nadu and southern India, similar floor designs exist across the country under different names, such as rangoli or muggu. Contemporary practice includes using colored powders, stencils, and pre-made templates, as well as public installations and competitions. Kolams are commonly taught as a living folk art passed from generation to generation.