koelkast

Koelkast is the Dutch term for a refrigerator, an appliance used to preserve perishable food and beverages by maintaining low temperatures. Modern koelkasten typically employ a vapor‑compression cycle, where a refrigerant circulates through a compressor, condenser, expansion device and evaporator, removing heat from the interior compartment. Early models, introduced in the early 20th century, relied on ice boxes or absorption cooling before electric refrigeration became widespread.

Standard koelkasten consist of a main cooling chamber for fresh food and a separate freezer compartment for frozen goods, often situated either above or below the fresh‑food section. Sizes range from compact units of 50 litres for single persons to large side‑by‑side or French‑door designs exceeding 600 litres, intended for families or commercial use. Energy efficiency is regulated by European standards such as EU label classes A+++ to D, encouraging manufacturers to reduce electricity consumption and greenhouse‑gas emissions.

Key features commonly found in contemporary koelkasten include adjustable shelves, humidity‑controlled crisper drawers, door‑edge storage, and digital temperature controls. Some models incorporate smart technology, allowing remote monitoring and integration with home automation systems. The interior is usually insulated with polyurethane foam, and the exterior may be stainless steel, painted metal, or glass‑door designs in premium units.

Historical development of the koelkast reflects broader technological advances: from the first electrically powered units in the 1910s to the adoption of eco‑friendly refrigerants like R‑600a (isobutane) in the 21st century. The appliance remains essential in households, restaurants, and retail settings, playing a critical role in food safety, nutrition, and waste reduction.