koeeläin

koeeläin is a term used in Finnish to denote an animal used in experiments or testing. In English, it is commonly translated as an experimental animal or laboratory animal. A koeeläin may be used for basic biological research, pharmacology, toxicology, safety testing of chemicals or pharmaceuticals, or product development. The aim is to generate data on biology, disease mechanisms, or safety that is not obtainable by non-animal methods alone. Commonly used species include mice and rats, which represent the majority of laboratory animals, as well as rabbits, guinea pigs, dogs, and non-human primates; aquatic species such as zebrafish are also used. Pigs are sometimes used for translational studies because of physiological similarities to humans.

The use of koeeläin is regulated to ensure welfare and ethical considerations. In the European Union, Directive 2010/63/EU governs the protection of animals used for scientific purposes and is implemented in member states, including Finland. National regulations require project review by ethics committees, justification of animal use, and adherence to the 3Rs—Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement—to minimize animal numbers and suffering. Personnel must be trained, and appropriate anesthesia or analgesia should be used where needed, with humane endpoints defined.

Alternatives to animal experiments, such as in vitro methods, computer modeling, and organ-on-a-chip technologies, are encouraged and used where suitable. When animals are required, welfare-focused housing, enrichment, and veterinary oversight are essential. Public and scientific discussions continue regarding balancing scientific value with ethical responsibility.