kinestetik

Kinestetik, or kinesthesia, is the sense that detects body movements and the position of limbs in space. It enables a person to sense the speed, direction, and effort of a movement without looking. The term is used across languages to describe the sense of movement and body awareness that underpins motor control in everyday actions and skilled activities.

It relies on receptors in muscles (muscle spindles), tendons (Golgi tendon organs), and joints, whose signals are conveyed via peripheral nerves to the central nervous system. The brain integrates these signals with vestibular and visual information to produce a coherent sense of motion. Kinestetik is sometimes distinguished from proprioception, which more broadly refers to the sensation of body position, while kinesthesia emphasizes movement.

Applications include physical education, dance, sports, ergonomic training, and rehabilitation. In education, kinesthetic learning describes a preference for hands-on activities. Clinically, kinesthetic deficits can accompany neurological disorders or injuries and may be evaluated with tests of joint position sense and detection of passive movement.

Related concepts include the somatosensory system and proprioception. Understanding kinestetik contributes to improving motor learning, rehabilitation strategies, and performance in activities that require precise limb coordination.