kierownice

Kierownice are control devices used to steer vehicles and to convey directional input by the rider. In Polish, the term covers both automotive steering wheels and bicycle or motorcycle handlebars, depending on the context. They serve as the primary interface between the operator and the steering mechanism, translating hand or grip movement into wheel direction.

In automotive applications, the kierownica is connected to a steering system, typically either rack-and-pinion or recirculating-ball. Modern systems often include power assistance, which may be hydraulic or electric. Wheel designs vary, with round and D-shaped profiles common to improve comfort and leg clearance. The steering wheel is usually mounted on a steering column that may incorporate energy-absorbing features for safety, such as a collapsible column. The center hub commonly houses an airbag, and many models integrate controls for audio, phone, and adaptive cruise control. Materials range from leather and synthetic composites to high-grade plastics, chosen for grip, durability, and feel.

For bicycles and motorcycles, kierownice refers to the handlebars, which provide steering input and boss rider support. Types include straight or riser bars, flat bars, and drop bars, selected according to riding style and ergonomics. Materials used include aluminum, steel, and carbon fiber, with width, rise, and sweep influencing leverage, control, and posture. Proper setup—alignment with the rider’s torso, secure grips, and appropriate stem and brake/shifter integration—is essential for safe handling.

Historically, steering devices evolved from simple tillers to the steering wheel in late 19th-century automobiles, while handlebars were integral to bicycle design since the early models of the same era.