kibocsátás

Kibocsátás is a term used to describe the release of substances into the environment, typically from human activities. In environmental science, it refers to the discharge of pollutants or greenhouse gases from various sources, and it can be gaseous, liquid, or solid. In many contexts, emissions focus on gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and fluorinated gases, as well as air pollutants like sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and particulate matter (PM).

Sources of kibocsátás include energy production, transportation, industry, agriculture, and waste management. Emissions can originate from identifiable point sources, such as smokestacks, or from diffuse sources spread across large areas. Emission quantification is carried out through inventories, monitoring, and estimation methods that often rely on emission factors and activity data.

Key concepts related to kibocsátás are gross versus net emissions, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and atmospheric concentration. The impacts are linked to climate change, air quality, and public health. Policy instruments aim to limit emissions through standards, emission caps, taxes, or trading systems, and to promote technology improvement and cleaner production.

Mitigation approaches include shifting to low-carbon energy, electrification of transport, energy efficiency, carbon capture and storage, process modifications, and changes in consumer behavior. Offsetting mechanisms may be used in some contexts to compensate for emissions elsewhere.

In Hungary and many European contexts, national and EU frameworks set targets for reducing GHG emissions, require reporting, and support research and deployment of cleaner technologies. Emission data feed into environmental reporting and compliance assessments with international agreements such as the Paris Agreement and EU climate and air quality directives.