keuhkoemboliolle

Keuhkoembolia, commonly referred to in medical contexts as pulmonary embolism, is a condition characterized by the obstruction of one or more pulmonary arteries in the lungs. This obstruction is most frequently caused by blood clots that originate in the deep veins of the legs or pelvis, a condition known as deep vein thrombosis (DVT). When a part of a clot dislodges, it travels through the bloodstream and becomes lodged in the pulmonary arteries, impairing blood flow to lung tissue.

The primary symptoms of keuhkoembolia include sudden onset shortness of breath, chest pain that may worsen with deep breaths, rapid heartbeat, and dizziness or fainting in severe cases. Some individuals may experience hemoptysis, or coughing up blood. The severity of symptoms can range from mild to life-threatening, depending on the size and location of the embolus.

Risk factors for keuhkoembolia include prolonged immobility, recent surgery, especially orthopedic procedures, cancer, pregnancy, obesity, and inherited clotting disorders. Diagnosis is typically made through a combination of clinical assessment, imaging tests such as computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA), ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scans, and blood tests like D-dimer.

Treatment aims to prevent clot growth and break down existing clots, often involving anticoagulant medications such as heparin and warfarin. In some cases, thrombolytic therapy or surgical intervention may be necessary. Pulmonary embolism is a serious condition requiring prompt medical attention, as it can lead to right heart failure or death if untreated. Prevention strategies focus on reducing risk factors and early detection of DVTs.