ketoasidozla

Ketoasidozla, also known as diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), is a serious complication of diabetes. It occurs when the body does not have enough insulin to allow glucose to enter the cells for energy. Instead, the liver breaks down fat for energy, producing ketones. When ketones build up in the bloodstream, they become toxic and can lead to a life-threatening condition.

DKA most commonly affects people with type 1 diabetes, but it can also occur in individuals with type 2 diabetes, particularly during times of illness or stress. The onset of DKA can be rapid, often developing over a period of 24 hours. Symptoms include excessive thirst, frequent urination, nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, weakness or fatigue, shortness of breath, and a fruity smell to the breath. The skin may become dry and flushed.

Several factors can trigger DKA, including missed insulin doses, illness or infection (which can increase the body's need for insulin), certain medications, and conditions like heart attack or stroke. Diagnosis is typically made through blood and urine tests that measure glucose levels, ketone levels, and blood acidity.

Treatment for DKA involves hospitalization and aims to correct dehydration, high blood sugar, and the buildup of ketones. This usually includes intravenous fluids, insulin therapy, and electrolyte replacement. Prompt medical attention is crucial to prevent severe complications such as brain swelling, kidney failure, or coma. Prevention strategies focus on consistent diabetes management, including regular blood glucose monitoring, adherence to insulin regimens, and seeking medical advice during illness.