keratolyyteistä

Keratolytics are topical agents used in dermatology to soften and exfoliate the stratum corneum, thereby facilitating the removal of hyperkeratotic skin lesions such as calluses, corns, psoriasis plaques, and certain warts. The term derives from the Greek words “kerato” meaning skin and “lysis” meaning dissolution. By disrupting intercellular cohesion, keratolytics promote desquamation and improve the penetration of other topical therapeutics.

Commonly prescribed keratolytics include salicylic acid, urea, lactic acid, and tazarotene. Salicylic acid, a beta‑hydroxy acid, functions by lipolysis and enzymatic exfoliation, rendering it suitable for callus and warts removal. Urea, a natural moisturizing factor, has both keratolytic and humectant properties; its concentration ranges from 10‑40 % in clinical formulations. Lactic acid, another alpha‑hydroxy acid, excels in treating mild to moderate psoriasis by enhancing epidermal turnover. Tazarotene is a retinoid with keratolytic activity, primarily indicated for psoriasis and acne, where it also modulates inflammation and cellular differentiation.

Clinical application typically involves application once or twice daily to affected skin, with occlusive dressings sometimes employed to increase potency. The duration of therapy ranges from a few days for warts to several weeks for psoriasis. Keratolytics generally produce mild irritation, pruritus, and erythema; high concentrations of salicylic acid can cause dermatitis or systemic absorption, especially in infants and patients with compromised skin integrity. Contraindications include open wounds, severe eczema, or known hypersensitivity. Regular monitoring and discontinuation upon excessive irritation are advised.

Overall, keratolytics play a pivotal role in dermatologic treatment regimens by facilitating lesion remission, enhancing medication efficacy, and improving patient comfort.