kavitaation
Kavitaation, commonly referred to as cavitation, is the formation, growth, and subsequent collapse of vapor-filled cavities in a liquid when local pressure falls below the liquid’s vapor pressure. When surrounding pressure returns, these cavities collapse violently, generating shock waves, microjets, and heat. The process can occur in any liquid system where rapid pressure changes or high flow velocities occur.
Two main forms are recognized. Inertial (transient) cavitation involves rapid bubble growth and violent collapse, often
Causes include rapid pressure fluctuations due to high-velocity flow, abrupt geometry changes (valves, throttles, and impellers),
Effects range from nuisance noise, vibration, and reduced efficiency to material erosion, pitting, and structural damage
Measurement and modeling rely on acoustic emissions, high-speed imaging, and pressure sensing, while numerical tools like