karsinogeeneja
Karsinogeeneja are genes whose altered function contributes to the development or progression of cancer. The term can refer to inherited variants that raise lifetime cancer risk as well as somatic mutations that arise in cells during a person’s life. They include oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and genes involved in the DNA damage response and repair.
Oncogenes, when mutated or overexpressed, promote uncontrolled cell growth, while tumor suppressor genes normally restrain proliferation
Common examples include oncogenes such as KRAS, BRAF, and MYC; tumor suppressors such as TP53, RB1, and
Mechanistically, karsinogeeneja influence cancer through altered signaling pathways, impaired DNA damage response, and accumulation of additional