kantavuudet

Kantavuudet is a Finnish term typically used in engineering and construction to denote load-bearing capacities of soils, structural elements and foundations. It refers to the maximum loads that a material, component or ground can sustain without excessive settlement, failure or loss of serviceability. The concept is central to geotechnical and structural design, foundation sizing and safety assessment.

In geotechnics, kantavuudet of soil are influenced by soil type, density, moisture content, groundwater level, depth of foundation and history of loading. Common methods to estimate bearing capacity include empirical field tests such as plate load tests, standard penetration tests (SPT) and cone penetration tests (CPT), together with laboratory tests (triaxial, oedometer). Theoretical approaches use bearing-capacity formulae (e.g., Terzaghi, Meyerhof) and numerical modelling; designs often distinguish between ultimate and allowable (or characteristic) bearing capacities and apply safety factors.

For structural elements, kantavuudet describe the load limits of beams, columns, slabs and connections, determined by material strength, cross-section, reinforcement and stability considerations. Design practice is governed by national and international codes (for example Eurocode standards), which set procedures for calculation, testing and required safety margins.

Applications include foundation design, pavements, embankments, retaining structures and assessment of existing works. Accurate determination of kantavuudet reduces risk of settlement and collapse, optimises material use and ensures compliance with building safety requirements.