kaliumobalans

Kaliumobalans, also known as potassium imbalance, refers to abnormally high or low levels of potassium in the blood. Potassium is a vital electrolyte that plays a crucial role in nerve and muscle function, including the heart. Normal blood potassium levels are typically between 3.5 and 5.0 millimoles per liter.

Hypokalemia, or low potassium, can be caused by various factors such as prolonged vomiting or diarrhea, excessive sweating, certain medications like diuretics, or inadequate dietary intake. Symptoms can include muscle weakness, fatigue, cramps, and in severe cases, irregular heart rhythms.

Hyperkalemia, or high potassium, is often associated with kidney disease, as the kidneys are responsible for filtering excess potassium from the blood. Other causes include certain medications, adrenal insufficiency, or the breakdown of body tissues. Symptoms of hyperkalemia can include muscle weakness, nausea, irregular heartbeat, and in critical situations, cardiac arrest.

Diagnosis of kaliumobalans is made through a blood test to measure potassium levels. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and the severity of the imbalance. For hypokalemia, potassium supplements or dietary changes may be recommended. Hyperkalemia management can involve dietary restrictions, medications to remove excess potassium, or in severe cases, dialysis. Maintaining a balanced diet and managing underlying medical conditions are important for preventing potassium imbalances.