kaapattu

Kaapattu refers to the practice of forcibly detaining individuals without trial or legal process, primarily associated with the political and military contexts of Sri Lanka. The term originates from the Tamil language, where *kaapattu* (காப்பாடு) means "to detain" or "to hold captive." This practice has been historically linked to the conflict between the Sri Lankan government and Tamil separatist groups, particularly the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), which lasted from the 1980s to 2009.

During the conflict, both state security forces and rebel factions were accused of using kaapattu as a means of controlling populations suspected of supporting the opposing side. Detainees were often held in undisclosed locations, denied access to legal counsel, and subjected to interrogation without due process. The practice was criticized by human rights organizations for violating international law, including the Geneva Conventions and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

After the end of the civil war in 2009, the Sri Lankan government continued to employ kaapattu in counterterrorism operations, particularly against alleged extremists or individuals linked to insurgent groups. Critics argue that the practice persists as a tool for suppressing dissent, while supporters claim it is necessary for national security. The Sri Lankan government has occasionally acknowledged the use of detention centers but maintains that procedures comply with legal standards.

International scrutiny of kaapattu has led to calls for reforms, including the establishment of independent oversight bodies to ensure accountability. The issue remains contentious, with debates ongoing over balancing security needs with human rights protections.