juncos

Juncos are small seed-eating birds belonging to the family Passerellidae. While the term "junco" is commonly used for several species within the genus Junco, the most widespread and familiar is the Dark-eyed Junco (Junco hyemalis). These birds are native to North America and are frequently seen in a variety of habitats, including forests, woodlands, shrublands, and urban and suburban gardens.

Dark-eyed Juncos exhibit significant geographic variation in their plumage, leading to the recognition of several distinct subspecies. These differences can include variations in back color, wing bars, and the color of the head and breast. Common color morphs include "slate-colored" with a dark gray head and breast, "Oregon" with a black hood and rusty sides, and "pink-sided" with a gray head and pinkish flanks. All juncos share a characteristic white outer tail feather that is prominently displayed in flight and when flicking their tails.

Juncos typically forage on the ground, hopping and scratching at leaf litter or short grass to find seeds, insects, and other small invertebrates. They are often observed in small flocks, especially during the non-breeding season. Their song is generally a simple, trilling melody, and their call is a sharp "chip." Juncos are known for their adaptability and can be readily attracted to bird feeders. They build cup-shaped nests of grass and other plant materials, usually on the ground or in low shrubs.