juggle

Juggling is the act of keeping multiple objects in the air by throwing and catching them in a controlled rhythm. The objects—often balls, clubs, or rings—are moved in continuous patterns to avoid drops. Juggling is practiced as a performance art, a hobby, and a sport that emphasizes timing, dexterity, and spatial awareness.

Juggling has ancient roots and appears in many cultures, including historical art and literature. In modern times it developed through street performance and circuses, and today is sustained by dedicated clubs, training spaces, and international competitions.

The basic three-object pattern is the cascade, in which throws cross between hands. A common alternative for two or more objects is the fountain, where each hand juggles its own balls without crossing. Other patterns include the shower and more complex sequences. Juggling patterns can be described with siteswap notation, where numbers denote throw height and sequences encode the rhythm; for example, 3 represents the standard three-ball cascade, while 441 and 555 denote higher or varied patterns.

Beginners typically start with one ball, then add a second and third as catches become reliable. Soft props such as beanbags are often recommended for initial practice, with gradual introduction of clubs, rings, or more demanding props. Safe practice space, appropriate padding, and attention to fatigue and technique are advised, especially when exploring novelty or fire props.

Juggling communities organize clubs, festivals, and competitions worldwide, and share tutorials, performances, and technique tips through publications and online media. Notable events include national and international championships and informal jams.