jambiya

The jambiya, also spelled janbiya, is a traditional curved dagger worn by men in Yemen and parts of the Arabian Peninsula. It has a short, broad blade typically 15–20 cm long, with a distinctive inward curve and a sharp point. The weapon is worn in a belt around the waist, with the hilt visible at the front of the body.

The handle is often made from horn, wood, or ivory and may be inlaid with silver or gold. The sheath is usually richly decorated, with metal fittings and leather, sometimes inlaid with geometric or floral patterns and stones. The belt or sash that supports the jambiya reflects regional styles and status. Although the jambiya is capable of use as a weapon, it is primarily worn as a ceremonial and symbolic object in modern times.

Culturally, the jambiya is a symbol of social status, manhood, and tribal identity. It is part of formal dress at weddings, national celebrations, and dances, and it is often passed down as an heirloom. While historically used in combat, contemporary wear is largely ceremonial and symbolic, serving as a sign of cultural heritage.

The jambiya has origins in the Arabian Peninsula, with Yemen hosting many of the most distinctive regional styles. Blade shapes and hilts vary by tribe and region, but the form—short curved blade, ornate hilt, decorative sheath—remains characteristic. The word jambiya derives from Arabic janbiya, related to the side or flank, reflecting how the weapon is worn.

Today, jambiyas are valued as cultural artifacts and are collected for heritage, artistry, and display, with ongoing interest in preserving traditional craft and design.