izzat

Izzat is a term used in Urdu, Hindi, Punjabi, and other South Asian languages to signify honor, esteem, or social reputation. It derives from Persian and Arabic roots and is used to describe not only an individual's honor but the standing of the entire family or clan. In everyday usage izzat encompasses the expectation to behave in a way that upholds that reputation and to defend it against real or perceived slights.

In traditional contexts, izzat shapes personal decisions and social conduct. Family elders and community members may exert influence over choices related to marriage, associations, mobility, and attire, especially for women. The preservation of izzat can take precedence over individual preferences and can entail obligations to protect or avenge family honor. The concept is closely linked with modesty, propriety, and the avoidance of shame in public life.

In modern times, urbanization, education, and global migration have reframed izzat in various ways. Some see it as a flexible cultural value that adapts to changing norms, while others critique it as a mechanism of social control. Critics point to its role in limiting women's autonomy and, in extreme cases, justifying violence in the name of honor. Many countries have enacted laws and policies to protect individual rights and to address honor-based violence and coercive practices.

Izzat remains a prevalent motif in literature, film, and music of the region, often presented as a source of conflict or a driving force in family dynamics. In diaspora communities, the concept persists but is frequently renegotiated within different cultural contexts.