istiadat

Istiadat is a Malay term referring to ceremonial rites, etiquette, and formalities observed in social, cultural, and state contexts. It encompasses procedures, dress codes, the sequence of events, and modes of address that accompany important occasions.

Etymology and scope: The word is derived from adat (custom) with the prefix isti- indicating practice or observance, so istiadat denotes the observance of custom through ritual forms. It covers both royal and community practices and may be influenced by Islamic etiquette in some contexts.

Contexts and examples: In Malaysia and Brunei, istiadat is closely linked to royal protocol (istiadat diraja) and official state ceremonies, such as the reception of dignitaries, coronations, openings of parliament, and other formal occasions. It also governs traditional rites in weddings, harvest ceremonies, and funerals, and informs dress codes and modes of address.

Contemporary role: Today, istiadat is partly codified in constitutional conventions and official protocol guidelines maintained by royal courts and government agencies. It serves to reinforce social hierarchy and continuity of tradition while adapting to modern governance, diplomacy, and a multicultural society.

Related concepts include adat (custom) and court or state protocol.