isoliquiritigenin

Isoliquiritigenin is a naturally occurring flavonoid compound primarily found in the roots and stems of licorice (*Glycyrrhiza glabra*), though it also occurs in other plants such as *Sophora subprostrata* and *Cassia species*. Structurally, it belongs to the chalcone class of flavonoids, characterized by its three-ring molecular framework with a side chain extending from the central benzene ring. Chemically, isoliquiritigenin has the molecular formula C21H20O4 and exhibits a yellow crystalline appearance when pure.

Biologically, isoliquiritigenin exhibits a range of potential health benefits attributed to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and phytoestrogenic properties. Research suggests it may modulate cellular signaling pathways involved in oxidative stress, apoptosis, and cell proliferation. Studies in vitro and in animal models have explored its effects on cardiovascular health, including potential anti-atherosclerotic and vasodilatory actions, though human clinical evidence remains limited.

In addition to its pharmacological applications, isoliquiritigenin has been studied for its role in metabolic regulation. Some research indicates it may influence insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism, though mechanisms are not fully understood. Its interaction with estrogen receptors has also been investigated, particularly in contexts where estrogenic activity is desired or modulated.

Pharmacologically, isoliquiritigenin is typically administered orally, though its bioavailability is relatively low due to rapid metabolism and first-pass elimination. Oral bioavailability can be enhanced through formulations that improve absorption, such as lipid-based delivery systems. It is generally considered safe at therapeutic doses, though long-term effects in humans require further investigation.

Further research is needed to elucidate its precise mechanisms of action and optimize its use in therapeutic applications. Current studies continue to explore its potential in disease prevention, particularly in areas where oxidative stress and inflammation play a role.