ippica

Ippica, or horse racing, is the sport and industry involving racing horses as a competitive activity and as a breeding and wagering pursuit. The term is used especially in Italian to denote the whole field of professional and amateur horse racing, including track racing, harness racing, and equestrian exhibitions.

Racing is organized around specific events held at racecourses, with horses trained to sprint or cover longer distances. Major categories include flat racing on level ground, jump racing (steeplechase and hurdles), and harness racing, where pacers or trotters pull a sulky. Races take place on turf or dirt tracks, and increasingly on synthetic surfaces.

Participants include jockeys, trainers, owners, breeders, and stable staff. Betting on races is common in many jurisdictions and represents a significant aspect of the sport’s economy. Racing calendars feature graded or listed races that determine rankings and breeding value.

Governance varies by country but typically involves a national racing authority or Jockey Club that licenses participants, sets rules, oversees integrity and anti-doping measures, and regulates wagering. Welfare and safety concerns cover horse fitness, rider safety, and veterinary oversight.

Internationally, ippica forms part of a global industry. Major races around the world attract large crowds and television audiences, such as the Kentucky Derby, Grand National, and Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe, while national traditions include classic Italian races and regional events.