steeplechase

Steeplechase is a term used for both a type of horse racing and a distance running event in track and field. The name originates from routes that historically linked church steeples, or from races that went to distant church steeples as landmarks. Over time, the term came to describe races that combine speed with obstacles or barriers.

In equestrian steeplechase, horses and riders compete over a course that includes various obstacles such as fences and water jumps. The sport developed in Ireland in the 18th century and spread to Britain, where it became formally organized. The best-known examples include long-distance races on open courses, with the Grand National at Aintree being among the most famous. Steeplechase races are distinct from hurdle races, which use smaller impediments; steeplechase courses generally feature a mix of fixed fences and water hazards that test endurance and jumping ability.

In track and field, the steeplechase is a middle-distance running event typically contested over 3000 metres on standard outdoor tracks. Runners must clear a series of barriers and seven water jumps during the race. The event has been part of major international competitions for men for many decades, and the women’s 3000 metres steeplechase was added to the Olympic program in the 21st century.

Governance and competition differ by discipline: horse steeplechase is regulated by equestrian sport organizations, while track steeplechase falls under athletics bodies. Both forms test speed, jumping technique, and race strategy within their respective formats.