ipecac

Ipecac, commonly sold as ipecac syrup, is a preparation derived from the root of the ipecacuanha plant (Psychotria ipecacuanha or Cephaelis ipecacuanha) in the coffee family. Historically, it was used to provoke vomiting after ingestion of certain poisons and was widely available as a home remedy for poisoning.

The root contains alkaloids, chiefly emetine and cephaeline, which irritate the stomach and stimulate the medullary vomiting center. When taken, ipecac syrup can induce emesis within 20 to 30 minutes, with the aim of removing some ingested toxins. Its effectiveness varies by substance, and it does not safely address all types of poisoning.

In modern medical practice, routine use of ipecac for poisoning has diminished. Inducing vomiting carries risks, including aspiration into the lungs, dehydration, and electrolyte disturbances, and it can delay access to more effective treatments. Emetine, one of the active alkaloids, also has potential cardiotoxic effects. Because of these concerns, many poison control centers and health authorities no longer recommend its use for home management of poisonings and some regions have withdrawn it from consumer markets.

Current guidance emphasizes seeking professional assistance promptly. If a poisoning is suspected, individuals are advised to contact a poison control center or seek urgent medical care rather than attempting self-treatment with ipecac. In clinical settings, ipecac is rarely used and only under specific medical supervision and when indicated by a clinician, with careful consideration of risks and alternatives.