cephaeline

Cephaeline is an alkaloid that was first isolated from the root of the ipecac plant, Cephaelis ipecacuanha. It is one of the principal alkaloids present in ipecac, alongside emetine, and has historically contributed to the plant’s emetic (inducing vomiting) properties. Cephaeline is chemically related to emetine, and is often described as a less potent counterpart within the same family of alkaloids.

Occurrence and extraction: Cephaeline is found in the root bark of ipecacuanha and has been obtained through traditional alkaloid extraction methods. Like other ipecac alkaloids, it is typically isolated as a base or salt form for study or use in preparations.

Pharmacology: Cephaeline possesses emetic activity, although its potency is generally lower than that of emetine. The mechanism is thought to involve stimulation of the central vomiting center and irritation of the gastrointestinal tract. At higher dosages, cephaeline can cause nausea, vomiting, and other toxic effects similar to those seen with related alkaloids. Adverse effects and safety concerns are shared with emetine, including potential cardiotoxicity at elevated exposures.

Medical use and modern status: Historically, products containing cephaeline and emetine were used to induce vomiting after poisoning. Modern medical guidance discourages home use of ipecac preparations due to unreliable outcomes and the risk of harm, and management of poisoning now relies on other decontamination methods and supportive care. Research on cephaeline is largely historical, with clinical attention largely focused on emetine and other treatments.

See also: Emetine, Ipecacuanha, Ipecac syrup.