invasiivsed

Invasiivsed is the Estonian term used for invasive organisms or processes in ecological contexts. In biology, an invasive species is a non-native organism that, once introduced to a new environment, spreads rapidly and causes harm to native ecosystems, economy, or human health. The term invasiivsed is used when describing multiple species or cases that share these characteristics. Invasiveness arises from traits such as high reproductive rates, broad environmental tolerance, effective dispersal, and the absence of natural predators in the new range. Human activity frequently introduces invasiivsed species through trade, travel, ornamental horticulture, aquaculture, or accidental release. Once established, they can outcompete native species, alter habitats, disrupt food webs, introduce diseases, and reduce biodiversity. They may also affect agriculture, fisheries, infrastructure, and water quality, leading to economic costs.

Management of invasiivsed species emphasizes prevention and early detection, rapid response to new introductions, and integrated control. Approaches include physical removal, chemical treatments, habitat modification, and, where appropriate, biological control, guided by risk assessment to minimize unintended effects. Eradication is often feasible for newly detected populations but becomes difficult for widespread invasions. Public awareness, strong biosecurity, and international cooperation are key components of reducing introductions.

Examples of invasiivsed species span several groups. Aquatic organisms such as the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha); plants like Japanese knotweed (Fallopia japonica) and kudzu (Pueraria montana var. lobata); and insects such as the emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) have caused notable ecological and economic impacts in regions outside their native ranges.