interproximales

Interproximales is a dental term referring to the surfaces and spaces between adjacent teeth in the dental arches. The concept encompasses the proximal or mesial and distal surfaces that face neighboring teeth, the contact points where teeth touch, and the surrounding interdental embrasures formed by the gingiva and tooth contours. The health of these interproximal areas is essential for overall oral hygiene and periodontal stability.

In anatomy, proximal surfaces are the sides of a tooth that face its neighbors, while the contact area is the point where two teeth meet. The interdental embrasures surround the contact point and are bounded by the gingival margins and tooth crowns. Proper contact and papilla fill prevent food impaction and contribute to periodontal health; changes in these areas can alter chewing efficiency and esthetics.

Clinically, interproximal zones are common sites for dental caries and plaque accumulation due to limited access for brushing. They are also influenced by periodontal disease, which can cause papillary recession or loss of interdental tissue. Diastemas or misaligned teeth may alter interproximal contacts and embrasure anatomy, affecting hygiene and function.

Diagnosis and management typically involve clinical examination and radiographic assessment, especially bitewing radiographs, to detect proximal caries and bone support. Prevention emphasizes daily interdental cleaning with dental floss or interdental brushes, along with fluoride therapy and regular professional cleanings. Treatment may include Class II restorations for proximal caries or adjustments to contacts and embrasures during restorative or orthodontic procedures.

See also: proximal surfaces, bitewing radiography, interdental cleaning.