internalized

Internalized is an adjective describing something that has been absorbed, integrated, or taken into one’s own mind, self-concept, or behavior. In psychology and sociology, the process of internalization refers to the gradual incorporation of external norms, values, roles, and beliefs into an individual’s internal framework, shaping thoughts, motivations, and actions. Internalization is foundational to socialization and to the development of self-regulation, moral reasoning, and identity.

Internalized stigma or oppression occurs when members of a stigmatized group come to endorse negative beliefs about themselves that originate from broader social prejudice. This can reduce self-esteem and hinder participation in social life, and it may contribute to mental health problems such as anxiety and depression. Conversely, positive internalization of inclusive or prosocial values can support resilience and ethical behavior.

Mechanisms include observational learning, reinforcement, cognitive processing of information, and affective associations. Psychoanalytic theory distinguishes internalization from introjection, though both involve incorporating aspects of others into the self; internalization is a broad developmental process, while introjection is a defense mechanism.

Measurement in research often uses self-report scales to assess degree of internalized beliefs or values. Interventions such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, critical consciousness approaches, and stigma-reduction programs aim to challenge harmful internalizations and promote healthier self-concepts.

See also: internalization, stigma, self-concept, socialization, internalized oppression.