innée

Innée is the feminine form of the French adjective inné, used to describe a quality, trait, or ability that is considered present from birth and not acquired through learning or experience. The term derives from Latin innatus, from nasci, meaning “born” or “inborn.” In practice, innée characterizes characteristics thought to be genetically predisposed or biologically determined.

In biology and psychology, innate traits or behaviors are contrasted with those learned through interaction with the environment. Examples include certain reflexes and instinctual responses, as well as tendencies that appear without specific training. The concept is also used in medicine to describe congenital conditions or predispositions that are visible from birth.

In philosophy and cognitive science, innée has played a central role in the nature versus nurture debate. Historically, philosophers such as Descartes argued for the existence of innée ideas, while John Locke argued against this view, emphasizing experience as the source of knowledge. Modern discussions tend to view innate and learned factors as interacting, with genetic predispositions shaping but not rigidly determining outcomes.

In everyday language, innée is often used to describe talents or abilities that seem natural, such as an “innée musicality” or an “innée talent for languages.” Critics caution that calling something innée can oversimplify complex development, which involves both genetic factors and environmental influence, learning, and practice.