innlæring

Innlæring is the process by which individuals acquire knowledge, skills, or behaviors through exposure, practice, and internalization. In educational and psychological contexts, innlæring emphasizes that much of learning is internalized and can be performed with increased automaticity, often with reduced conscious effort. The process involves encoding information, consolidating it in memory, and retrieving it during use, with repetition and feedback guiding improvement.

Core mechanisms include the development of procedural knowledge and schemas that enable quicker, more accurate performance. Repetition and spaced practice strengthen memory traces, while feedback supports error correction and refinement. As skills become automatized, they require less deliberate attention and can be transferred to related tasks or new situations.

Innlæring spans several domains, including language and literacy, motor and perceptual skills, and cognitive procedures such as problem solving. Examples include learning a musical instrument, mastering a physical technique, or internalizing rules for logical reasoning. Effective innlæring often combines guided instruction with opportunities for independent practice, allowing learners to build mental models and routines that function in varied contexts.

Instructional design influences innlæring through scaffolding, modeling, worked examples, and deliberate practice with feedback. Techniques such as retrieval practice, feedback cycles, and distributed (spaced) sessions enhance retention and transfer. Factors affecting innlæring include prior knowledge, motivation, cognitive load, and the quality of instruction.

Assessment of innlæring typically looks at performance accuracy, speed, retention over time, and the ability to apply learned skills in new contexts. Understanding innlæring helps explain how habits form, how skills become automatic, and how education can structure practice to promote durable learning.