inhalera

Inhalera, or inhaler, is a portable medical device designed to deliver medications directly to the lungs in the form of an aerosol or dry powder. They are commonly used to manage respiratory conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), delivering bronchodilators to relieve airway constriction and anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce airway inflammation.

The main types are metered-dose inhalers (MDIs), dry powder inhalers (DPIs), and soft mist inhalers (SMIs). MDIs release a specific amount of drug with each puff and often use a propellant; spacers or valved holding chambers can improve coordination between actuation and inhalation. DPIs deliver the medication as a dry powder that the patient inhales rapidly; no propellants are required. SMIs produce a slow mist and can be easier for some users to coordinate.

Correct use depends on the device. For an MDI with a spacer, general steps include preparing the device, exhaling fully, placing the spacer to the mouth, actuating the canister while inhaling slowly, and holding the breath for about 10 seconds to allow the medication to reach the lungs. For a DPI, the patient exhales away from the device, places lips around it, and inhales quickly and deeply. After inhaled corticosteroids, rinsing the mouth can reduce the risk of oral thrush. Spacers and proper technique are often emphasized to improve drug delivery.

Safety and storage considerations include keeping the device dry, at an appropriate temperature, and out of reach of children. Check expiration date and replace spent inhalers as recommended. Side effects may include throat irritation, coughing, or, with corticosteroids, a higher risk of oral candidiasis if mouth rinsing is not performed.

Inhalers have played a central role in modern respiratory care since their mid-20th-century development, with ongoing emphasis on correct technique and adherence to maximize therapeutic benefit.