incisiven

Incisiven is a term used in several European languages to refer to the incisors, the front teeth of the mouth. In English, the standard term is incisors; incisiven may appear in Dutch, German, or related linguistic contexts to denote these teeth. The article uses the English term for clarity, while noting the alternative usage of the word in other languages.

Anatomy and location: Incisors are located in the anterior parts of both the upper (maxillary) and lower (mandibular) jaws. In the usual human dentition, each arch contains four incisors: two central incisors and two lateral incisors, for a total of eight incisors in the permanent dentition. A similar count applies to the primary (deciduous) dentition, before the eruption of the permanent teeth. Incisors typically have a single long root, with the crown shaped to present a sharp incisal edge suited to cutting.

Function and morphology: The primary function of incisors is cutting and nibbling food during the initial phase of mastication. The incisal edge is often flat or slightly curved and can be worn down with use. The roots and supporting structures influence stability and bite, while crown shape contributes to speech and aesthetics. The enamel on incisors is the hardest tissue in the tooth, providing wear resistance for repeated use.

Development and variation: Incisors erupt in early childhood for deciduous teeth and in early school years for permanent teeth, with individual timing varying by genetics and health. Variations can include agenesis (missing incisors), crowding, trauma to the crown or root, and wear from habits or bruxism. Incisors are routinely examined in routine dental care due to their visibility and role in function.