incisal

Incisal is an anatomical term used in dentistry to describe surfaces and edges toward the front of the mouth, particularly relating to the cutting edge of the anterior teeth. It refers to the region around the incisors and, in some contexts, to the edge or surface of these teeth that participates in cutting food.

The incisal edge is the sharp or flattened biting edge formed on the incisors. In many people, the incisal edge wears over time, becoming rounded or chipped with use. The incisal surface of the central and lateral incisors is the biting surface that contacts the lower incisors during occlusion, while the term may also be extended to describe the contact relationships of these teeth in various jaw movements.

Clinically, incisal relationships play a role in occlusion and aesthetics. Incisal guidance describes how the maxillary and mandibular incisors contact during forward jaw movement and can influence posterior disclusion and overall bite dynamics. The appearance and integrity of the incisal edge affect speech, aesthetics, and function, and are common considerations in restorative dentistry and orthodontics.

Common conditions involving the incisal region include wear from attrition or abrasion, chipping of the incisal edge, and changes in incisal height or contour due to aging or parafunctional habits such as bruxism. Restorative treatments may involve veneers, bonding, or crowns to recreate a natural-looking and functional incisal edge.

Etymology: incisal derives from Latin incīsus, meaning cut into.