immuunipuutteisien

Immuunipuutteisien refers to individuals with a weakened immune system. This deficiency can manifest in various ways, making them more susceptible to infections and diseases. The immune system's primary role is to defend the body against harmful pathogens like bacteria, viruses, and fungi. When this system is compromised, its ability to effectively fight off these invaders is diminished.

There are two main categories of immunodeficiencies: primary and secondary. Primary immunodeficiencies are genetic disorders, meaning they are present from birth and are caused by inherited defects in the immune system. These can range from mild to severe and affect different parts of the immune response. Examples include severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) and common variable immunodeficiency (CVID).

Secondary immunodeficiencies, on the other hand, are acquired later in life due to external factors. These can be caused by various conditions and treatments. Common causes include malnutrition, certain medications such as chemotherapy drugs or immunosuppressants used after organ transplantation, chronic illnesses like HIV/AIDS, cancer, and even prolonged stress. HIV specifically attacks CD4 cells, which are crucial components of the immune system, leading to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

Individuals with immunodeficiencies often experience recurrent, severe, or unusual infections. These can include pneumonia, sinus infections, skin infections, and opportunistic infections that typically do not affect people with healthy immune systems. Diagnosis involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and a series of blood tests to assess the function and components of the immune system. Management strategies depend on the underlying cause and severity and may include prophylactic antibiotics, immunoglobulin replacement therapy, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, or treating the underlying condition.